米兰-《科学》（20240726出版）一周论文导读—新闻—科学网

Science, 26 JUL 2024, Volume 385 Issue 6707

《科学》2024年7月26日，第385卷，6707期

量子计较Quantum Computing

Operating semiconductor quantum processors with hopping spins

经由过程跳频自旋操控半导体量子处置器

▲ 作者：CHIEN-AN WANG, VALENTIN JOHN et al.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado5915

▲摘要：

在此，我们展现了经由过程设计具有位点依靠自旋量子化轴的量子点之间的自旋跳，可以用离散旌旗灯号成立量子节制。我们展现了基在跳跃的量子逻辑，并取得了99.97%的单量子位门保真度，每跳99.992%的相关穿梭保真度和99.3%的双量子位门保真度，对应已猜测的答应量子纠错的毛病率。

我们还经由过程统计映照10量子点系统的相关性，证实跳变自旋组成了一种调谐方式。我们的研究成果注解，分离安插的密集量子点阵列可以用在高效和高毗连的量子比特寄放器。

▲ Abstract：

Here, we show that by engineering the hopping of spins between quantum dots with a site-dependent spin quantization axis, quantum control can be established with discrete signals. We demonstrate hopping-based quantum logic and obtain single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.97%, coherent shuttling fidelities of 99.992% per hop, and a two-qubit gate fidelity of 99.3%, corresponding to error rates that have been predicted to allow for quantum error correction. We also show that hopping spins constitute a tuning method by statistically mapping the coherence of a 10–quantum dot system. Our results show that dense quantum dot arrays with sparse occupation could be developed for efficient and high-connectivity qubit registers.

化学Chemistry

The sugar cube: Network control and emergence in stereoediting reactions

己糖立方：立体编纂反映中的收集节制和出现

▲ 作者：HAYDEN M. CARDER, GINO OCCHIALINI et al.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp2447

▲摘要：

在此我们提出“收集节制”，这是一种对照典范，可以操纵速度常数之间埋没的彼此感化放年夜适度的内涵误差，并实现切确的多站点编纂。

当收集节制利用在己糖的光化学异构化时，可以选择性地取得八种可能的非对映体中的六种。放年夜效应可以看做是介在简单化学系统的动力学节制和复杂生物系统的代谢调理之间的一种中标准现象。

▲ Abstract：

We propose “network control,” a contrasting paradigm that exploits hidden interactions between rate constants to greatly amplify modest intrinsic biases and enable precise multisite editing. When network control is applied to the photochemical isomerization of hexoses, six of the eight possible diastereomers can be selectively obtained. The amplification effect can be viewed as a mesoscale phenomenon between the limiting regimes of kinetic control in simple chemical systems and metabolic regulation in complex biological systems.

材料科学Material Sciences

Borrowed dislocations for ductility in ceramics

借位错实现陶瓷拉伸塑性变形

▲ 作者：L. R. DONG, J. ZHANG et al.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp0559

▲摘要：

在此，我们提出了一种“借位错”的策略，该策略利用具有有序化学键的共格界面。这类方式使陶瓷经由过程界面调动年夜量来自金属的位错，年夜年夜提高了陶瓷的拉伸延展性，从而降服了陶瓷内部直接位错成核的挑战。这类策略为提高陶瓷的拉伸延展性供给了新方式。

▲ Abstract：

Here, we propose a “borrowing-dislocations” strategy that uses a tailored interfacial structure with well-ordered bonds. Such an approach enables ceramics to have greatly improved tensile ductility by mobilizing a considerable number of dislocations in ceramic borrowed from metal through the interface, thereby overcoming the challenge associated with direct dislocation nucleation within ceramics. This strategy provides a way to enhance tensile ductility in ceramics.

地球科学Earth Science

Fault size–dependent fracture energy explains multiscale seismicity and cascading earthquakes

断层巨细相干的断裂能注释多标准地动勾当性和级联地动

▲ 作者：ALICE-AGNES GABRIEL, DMITRY I. GARAGASH et al.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adj9587

▲摘要：

我们认为，小地动和年夜地动的断裂进程是完全分歧的。我们将地动不雅测与基在物理的地动模子相连系，发此刻小地动的能量出入中，动力削弱和再强化效应都是不成轻忽的。

我们成立了断裂能与断层巨细的线性标度关系，和断裂标度与滑动的线性标度关系。经由过程超等计较，我们利用这类标准揭露了断层毁伤区内触及跨越700个多标准裂痕的年夜型动态分裂地动级联。我们为地动勾当性供给了一个简单的注释，这对理解地动成因和多断层分裂级联具有主要意义。

▲ Abstract：

We propose that fundamentally different fracture processes govern small and large earthquakes. We combined seismological observations with physics-based earthquake models, finding that both dynamic weakening and restrengthening effects are non-negligible in the energy budget of small earthquakes. We established a linear scaling relationship between fracture energy and fault size and a break in scaling with slip. We applied this scaling using supercomputing and unveiled large dynamic rupture earthquake cascades involving 700 multiscale fractures within a fault damage zone. We provide a simple explanation for seismicity across all scales with implications for comprehending earthquake genesis and multifault rupture cascades.

Anthropogenic amplification of precipitation variability over the past century

人类勾当致使曩昔百年来全球降水变率加强

▲ 作者：WENXIA ZHANG, TIANJUN ZHOU, AND PEILI WU

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp0212

▲摘要：

在此，我们注解在曩昔的一个世纪里，因为报酬变暖积累，全球（超75%的陆地面积）降水变率已增加。从逐日到季候的时候标准规模都可以看到变率的增添，全球日变率每10年增添1.2%，在欧洲、Australia和北美东部尤其凸起。

降水变率的增添首要是由与年夜气潮湿有关的热力学驱动的，在年月际标准上受环流转变的调理。这对气候和蔼候猜测和社会和生态系统的回复复兴力和顺应能力提出了新的挑战。

▲ Abstract：

Here we show that precipitation variability has already grown globally (over 75% of land area) over the past century, as a result of accumulated anthropogenic warming. The increased variability is seen across daily to intraseasonal timescales, with daily variability increased by 1.2% per 10 years globally, and is particularly prominent over Europe, Australia, and eastern North America. Increased precipitation variability is driven mainly by thermodynamics linked to atmospheric moistening, modulated at decadal timescales by circulation changes. Amplified precipitation variability poses new challenges for weather and climate predictions, as well as for resilience and adaptation by societies and ecosystems.

生物学Biology

Neurons for infant social behaviors in the mouse zona incerta

小鼠不决带中负责幼儿社会行动的神经元

幼鼠无动带社会行动的神经元

▲ 作者：YUEXUAN LI, ZHONG-WU LIU et al.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk7411

▲摘要：

领会婴儿社会行动的神经根本对说明初期社会和感情成长的机制相当主要。在这项研究中，我们陈述在断奶前小鼠的不决带（ZISST）中表达发展抑素的特定神经元群，这些神经元对社会互动做出动态反映，特殊是与母亲的互动。

在幼鼠中进行的双向神经勾当操作注解，断奶前的ZISST神经元与感受、情感和认知脑中间的普遍毗连介导了与母亲存在相干的两个要害顺应功能:削减行动困扰和增进进修。这些发现揭露了幼鼠年夜脑中的调和与母亲的关系对幼鼠行动和心理的积极影响的神经元。

▲ Abstract：

Understanding the neural basis of infant social behaviors is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of early social and emotional development. In this work, we report a specific population of somatostatin-expressing neurons in the zona incerta (ZISST) of preweaning mice that responds dynamically to social interactions, particularly those with their mother. Bidirectional neural activity manipulations in pups revealed that widespread connectivity of preweaning ZISST neurons to sensory, emotional, and cognitive brain centers mediates two key adaptive functions associated with maternal presence: the reduction of behavior distress and the facilitation of learning. These findings reveal a population of neurons in the infant mouse brain that coordinate the positive effects of the relationship with the mother on an infant’s behavior and physiology.

特殊声明：本文转载仅仅是出在传布信息的需要，其实不意味着代表本网站不雅点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、网站或小我从本网站转载利用，须保存本网站注明的“来历”，并自大版权等法令责任；作者假如不但愿被转载或联系转载稿费等事宜，请与我们联系。